The annual financial statements of a Hong Kong company are typically prepared in accordance with the Hong Kong Financial Reporting Standards (HKFRS). These standards are largely aligned with the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), but may have some minor differences.
Here's a breakdown of the typical components of a Hong Kong company's annual financial statements:
1. Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet):
Assets: Current assets (cash, accounts receivable, inventories, etc.), non-current assets (property, plant, and equipment, intangible assets, investments, etc.).
Liabilities: Current liabilities (accounts payable, short-term borrowings, etc.), non-current liabilities (long-term borrowings, deferred tax liabilities, etc.).
Equity: Share capital, retained earnings, other comprehensive income.
2. Statement of Comprehensive Income (Income Statement):
Revenue: Sales, service revenue, interest income, etc.
Expenses: Cost of goods sold, operating expenses, interest expense, tax expense, etc.
Profit or loss: Net income or net loss.
Other comprehensive income: Items that are not recognized in profit or loss, such as revaluation gains or losses on property, plant, and equipment.
3. Statement of Changes in Equity:
Beginning balance of equity.
Additions to equity (profit, share capital, other comprehensive income).
Deductions from equity (dividends, losses, other comprehensive income).
Ending balance of equity.
4. Statement of Cash Flows:
Operating activities: Cash inflows and outflows from the company's core operations.
Investing activities: Cash inflows and outflows from investments in property, plant, and equipment, and other long-term assets.
Financing activities: Cash inflows and outflows from borrowing, repaying debt, and issuing or repurchasing shares.
Net increase or decrease in cash and cash equivalents.
Beginning and ending balances of cash and cash equivalents.
5. Notes to the Financial Statements:
Detailed explanations of the accounting policies used to prepare the financial statements.
Additional information about specific items in the financial statements, such as significant accounting judgments and estimates.
Disclosures of related party transactions, contingent liabilities, and other important matters.
Illustrative Example: Annual Financial Statements of a Hong Kong Company
Company: Acme Corporation (HK) Limited
Year Ended: December 31, 2023
An Example of Financial Statements
Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet)
| Assets |
| Current Assets |
| Cash | HK$1,200,000 |
| Accounts Receivable | HK$250,000 |
| Inventory | HK$350,000 |
| Prepaid Expenses | HK$50,000 |
| Total Current Assets | HK$1,850,000 |
| Non-Current Assets |
| Property, Plant, and Equipment (net) | HK$2,500,000 |
| Intangible Assets (net) | HK$750,000 |
| Investments | HK$200,000 |
| Total Non-Current Assets | HK$3,450,000 |
| Total Assets | HK$5,300,000 |
| Liabilities and Equity |
| Current Liabilities |
| Accounts Payable | HK$600,000 |
| Short-term Borrowings | HK$350,000 |
| Income Taxes Payable | HK$100,000 |
| Non-Current Liabilities |
| Long-term Borrowings | HK$1,200,000 |
| Deferred Tax Liabilities | HK$200,000 |
| Total Liabilities | HK$2,550,000 |
| Equity |
| Share Capital | HK$1,500,000 |
| Retained Earnings | HK$1,250,000 |
| Total Liabilities and Equity | HK$5,300,000 |
Statement of Comprehensive Income (Income Statement)
| Revenue | |---|---|---|
| Sales | HK$4,000,000 |
| Interest Income | HK$50,000 |
| Total Revenue | HK$4,050,000 |
| Cost of Goods Sold | HK$1,800,000 |
| Expenses |
| Operating Expenses | HK$1,000,000 |
| Interest Expense | HK$150,000 |
| Profit Before Tax | HK$1,100,000 |
| Income Tax Expense | HK$250,000 |
| Net Profit | HK$850,000 |
Statement of Changes in Equity
Share Capital | Retained Earnings | Other Comprehensive Income | Total | |
Beginning Balance | 1,500,000 | 1,000,000 | 50,000 | 2,550,000 |
Net Profit | 850,000 | 850,000 | ||
Other Comprehensive Income | 20,000 | 20,000 | ||
Dividends | (200,000) | (200,000) | ||
Ending Balance | 1,500,000 | 1,700,000 | 70,000 | 3,270,000 |
Statement of Cash Flows
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Operating Activities |
| Net Profit | 850,000 |
| Adjustments for Non-Cash Items | 200,000 |
| Changes in Working Capital | (100,000) | |
| Net Cash from Operating Activities | 950,000 |
| Investing Activities |
| Purchase of Property, Plant, and Equipment | (500,000) |
| Net Cash from Investing Activities | (500,000) |
| Financing Activities |
| Proceeds from Long-term Borrowings | 1,000,000 |
| Repayment of Short-term Borrowings | (300,000) |
| Payment of Dividends | (200,000) |
| Net Cash from Financing Activities | 500,000 |
| Net Increase in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 950,000 |
| Beginning Cash and Cash Equivalents | 250,000 |
| Ending Cash and Cash Equivalents | 1,200,000 |
Notes to the Financial Statements
Accounting Policies: Detailed explanations of the accounting principles and methods used to prepare the financial statements.
Property, Plant, and Equipment: Information on the cost, accumulated depreciation, and carrying value of property, plant, and equipment.
Intangible Assets: Information on the cost, amortization, and carrying value of intangible assets.
Investments: Information on the types of investments held, their fair value, and any unrealized gains or losses.
Related Party Transactions: Disclosure of any significant transactions with related parties.
Contingent Liabilities: Disclosure of any potential liabilities that are not yet certain.
Going Concern: Assessment of the company's ability to continue as a going concern.
Other Disclosures: Additional disclosures as required by HKFRS, such as segment reporting, financial risk management, and employee benefits.
Additional Components and Disclosures:
Segment Reporting: If the company operates in different segments, it may be required to provide financial information for each segment.
Financial Risk Management: Disclosure of the company's policies and procedures for managing financial risks, such as credit risk, liquidity risk, and market risk.
Employee Benefits: Information on the company's pension plans and other employee benefit obligations.
Environmental and Social Information: In some cases, companies may voluntarily disclose information related to their environmental and social performance.
This example illustrates the components and disclosures that may be included in financial statements, depending on the specific circumstances of the company.
How Bestar Can Help
Illustrative Annual Financial Statements
Bestar can provide invaluable assistance in various areas related to your financial affairs. Here are some ways we can help:
Tax Preparation and Planning
Tax Return Preparation: We can prepare your tax returns accurately and efficiently, ensuring you take advantage of all available deductions and credits.
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Tax Audits: We can represent you in case of a tax audit, providing expert advice and guidance throughout the process.
Business Advisory Services
Financial Statement Analysis: We can analyze your business's financial statements to identify areas for improvement and make informed decisions.
Financial Forecasting: We can help you create financial projections and forecasts to plan for future growth and challenges.
Business Valuation: We can determine the fair market value of your business for purposes such as mergers, acquisitions, or estate planning.
Business Succession Planning: We can assist in developing a plan for transferring ownership of your business to the next generation or a suitable successor.
Other Services
Accounting Services: We can provide comprehensive accounting services, including bookkeeping, payroll processing, and financial reporting.
Auditing Services: We can conduct independent audits of your financial statements to ensure accuracy and compliance with accounting standards.
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By engaging Bestar, you can benefit from our expertise and guidance to achieve your financial goals and make informed decisions.
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